Reference

http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?lang=en

http://www.malaxi.com/population_size_age_structure2001_2010.html

http://www.infernalramblings.com/articles/Malaysian_Government/510/

http://portalfsss.um.edu.my/portal/uploadFolder/pdf/SYED%20ABD%20RAZAK%20B.%20SAYED%20MAHADI%20-%20PERUBAHAN%20STRUKTUR%20UMUR%20PENDUDUK%20%20IMPAK%20PEMBANGUNAN%20DAN%20CADANGAN%20KEPADA%20PEMBANGUNAN%20NEGARA.pdf

http://www.sabah.net.my/juipri/penduduk.html

conclusion

In Malaysia, most socio-economic development programs and projects planned and successfully implemented so far include effort the community in terms of distribution of wealth and economic opportunities and modernizing society has led to the transformation of the society. Transformation that occurred was evidenced by a pair of related behavior and family formation
fertility behavior. This is the impact of development education, public participation in the modern economy and improvement in terms of people's income. In other words, structural assimilation that occurred as a result of the implementation of development programs organized by the government so far has been to intensify the process of modernizing culture. This impact on people's behavior, particularly related to the efforts of family formation and control fertility in line with national development planning.
Problem to Malaysia's experience, it can be learned that the need for new strategies that integrate family planning / family development with other development programs so that results can be more effectively developed in the future.

Effect population in developing countries

Unemployment - because of lack of employment.
Standard of living because of low wages = low poverty rate is high.
Existing squatter areas because of high house prices.
Lack of basic facilities and infrastructure as the government has allocated a high to build schools and hospitals
Social problems such as financial pressure because rob.
Occur migration to cities + city example
Poverty causes increased purchasing power is low, a low diet.

Implementation

Behind the feedback-response complex issues regarding this population, the Government has reasons for a reasonable relation to the size of population expansion, especially in efforts to create a population of hard, disciplined and productive. This is an important foundation for industrial development and market for goods manufactured locally. Population of four or five times necessarily caused some socio-economic implications. Effects of such population expansion will look felt at all levels of life especially of national resources. Among the areas of the field will be involved are as follows: --

i. Food Supply
Most food items have to be imported and this will cause food security problems and foreign exchange. Therefore the study should be made about land use and potential use of other sources.


ii. Housing
At least 10 million units of housing will be needed to accommodate the additional population of 50 million and this will take about 100 years according to current building rates.


iii. Jobs
More than 20 million new jobs must be created. Thus it is important to move the labor force becomes disciplined, motivated and productive.


iv. Health
Number of hospital beds should be increased from 25 thousand to 140.000 if the current long-term goal of 2 beds for every 1,000 population to be achieved. Number of doctors already should be increased from 4.200 to over 30,000.


v. Education
Place for 15 million shall be provided and at least 4000.000 teachers needed.


vi. Water Supply
Water use is expected by 15.6 billion cubic meters. Lack of water has already been anticipated in 2000 for a total population of 21 million.


vii. Energy Consumption
Energy consumption will increase by 4 or 5 times this will double again with the industrial economy. This problem will be more complicated because the achievement of 70 million will occur in Malaysia have run out of oil and gas (post-Hydrocarbon).

Following from the above problems, it is important that policies that are appropriate given the main attention. Among the policies are as follows: --

i. Economic development policy, which takes into account the relationship between
development and fertility, mortality, migration as well as growth, composition and distribution of population and income increase productivity.


ii. Manpower policy, which takes into account the growth of energy
labor and changes in labor force participation rates by gender and also the increasing need for advanced training technology.


iii. Social policy that focuses on aspects such as
health, education, housing, family development (including family planning) increase cultural, social balance in terms of ethnic group and gender, the welfare of children and old people and others because all of this will be influenced by socio-economic development, growth and population distribution.


iv. Privacy food, water and agriculture should provide pressure to
the adequacy in terms of distribution, changes in consumption patterns and also to the increased production methods.


v. Energy policy should identify the resources and energy
new.


vi. Environmental policy that takes into account the dangers caused by
ecosystem damage caused by the development and rapid population growth.

Government efforts to achieve the population policy has been introduced several measures, among them taxation policy and maternity benefits that will give munafaat son to the family of five. Government has also reviewed and coordinate the functions and roles of the Board of the National Population and Family Development (LPPKN) and the board is expected to play an important role in achieving the objectives of this policy.

Malaysia Population Policy Towards 70 Million Population

Background

Population goal of 70 million has been recommended by the Honorable Prime Minister Seri Dr. Mahathir Mohammad during his speech at the UMNO General Assembly in September 1982. He said that Malaysia will be more successful with a population of 70 million.

This recommendation was subsequently described and presented once again by his speech in the current study presents the Fourth Malaysia Plan Mid-Term on the 29th. March 1984. Population expected to reach this goal within 115 to 120 years.

Rationale

Total population of Malaysia is still small and have large benefits if the population grew up in Malaysia in the planning period. Compared with other countries, Malaysia and the region of 334.000 sq km area has a population of 45 million, with the Thai State 514.000 sq km area has a population of 50 million and the Republic of Indonesia by land area of 2,027,087 sq km has 150 million.

The rationale for achieving the goal of 70 million population is to provide a basis for product demand and market industrial local industry. This will create conditions of competition in the market and will further increase capacity and quality of production for export. Growth is considered as the main capital for economic and social progress of a country, besides that it also can increase economic productivity. Therefore, it is appropriate demographic is taken into account in development planning to ensure economic progress and sustainable growth of welfare.

Malaysia experienced current population growth rate of 2.5% * for the period 1981-1985. Based on this rate, the population is estimated to be 15,279 million in 1984, ie an increase of 11.2% of the total 13,745 million in 1980. Growth rate for period-specific period are as follows: --

Period Growth Rates
1957 - 1960 2.8%
1960 - 1870 2.6%
1970 - 1980 2.3%
1980 - 1985 2.5%

Comparison between the duration of the above shows that the growth rate is now slightly higher than the growth rate for 1970-1980. This is due to higher fertility rates in five years and six tens and tens of increasing the number of young women who reach the age of marriage. However, based on current population growth trends, population is expected that Malaysia will achieve total stability in range 39 million people in 2150.

According to World Development Report (World Development Report) published by the World Bank in July 1983, Malaysia's population will be 33 million expected in 2120. Projections-projections are made based on the population growth rate of 2.0% per year (1980-2000) on the assumption that fertility rates decreased moderately. This report shows the population of Malaysia will be further increased to 17 million in 1990 and reached number 21 million in 2000. World Bank projection-projection is not parallel with the goal of 70 million people are now expected to be achieved in the year 2100. This means that two major components of population and fertility rates, ie the gross birth rate should be increased accordingly.

It should be explained that the study population requires knowledge of the direction of development of the past and present. Ruling depends large projection to the deep understanding of the facts on the dynamics of population as a whole, especially regarding patterns fertility, mortality and family.
______________________________________________________________
* Economic Report 1984/85 Ministry of Finance Malaysia

Malaysia population

Malaysia's population comprises many ethnic groups, with the politically dominant Malays comprising a plurality. By Constitutional definition, all Malays are Muslim. More than a quarter of the population is Chinese. They have historically played an important role in trade and business.

Malaysians of Indian descent comprise about 7% of the population and include Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists and Christians. About 85% of the Indian community is Tamil.

Non-Malay indigenous groups make up more than half of Sarawak's population and about 66% of Sabah. They are divided into dozens of ethnic groups but they share some general patterns of living and culture. Until the 20th century, most practiced traditional beliefs, but many have become Christian or Muslim.

The "other" category includes Malaysians of, inter alia, European and Middle Eastern descent.

factors to population in Malaysia

Marriage at a young age

Marriage among women in the younger age is the main contributor to the increase in births. Phenomenon also increase in births caused by cultural and religious factors. Traditional Malay culture, children are regarded award from Allah. Birth rate is also high due to failure in planning the number of family members. Level of fertility in Malaysia in general is still high, especially Malays compared to the Chinese and Indians who see the education system and career more important than the number of children. This situation will give a large impact on population growth in the birth of Malaysia.

Population Policy

Changes in population structure has long-term effects for the economy and social structure. In Malaysia, the population policy is considered as a factor affecting the population. Vision national policy emphasizes the development of energy resources and the need to achieve economic stability. The main purpose of population policy is to maintain a balanced population growth with resource and national development. At the end of the 1980s, the Malaysian Government has planned population growth to achieve 70 million people in the 21st century. Seeks to meet the needs of employment in 2020. To achieve that goal, the government has cut income tax liability until the fifth child. Other initiatives is to provide maternity leave for employees in the public sector. For male workers, they also granted special leave when his wife gave birth. Government also encourages employers to provide childcare places close to work for the career women.

Technological advances

The emergence of technology assist in the daily human activities. With the emergence of technology health, population more secure. Birth rate is higher due to increasing energy experts. Infrastructure in facilities such as health clinics and hospitals increased. Various types of medication can be produced. Effects on the spread of disease can be prevented immediately. Diseases dangerous and easily spread, such as malaria, cholera and tetanus also reduced due to the emergence of technology in medicine. Besides death resulting from disease can be reduced due to the discovery of medicines in the treatment of the disease process.

Introduction

Since more than five decades ago, Malaysia's population composition has changed in terms of numbers of birth, age and sex structure, mortality and migration. This shows that although the size of Malaysia's population increased but because fertility decline and death, formation of smaller family size more acceptable society, especially in urban areas. Before the formation of Malaysia in 1965, countries in the Peninsular Malaysia have been experiencing population growth rate. Based on census population in 1957, the population in Peninsular Malaysia is 6.27 million with an annual population growth is 3.0 per year (Department of Statistics Malaysia 1972). Population growth is high, namely 2.3 per cent (1970-1980), 2.6 per cent 1990-1991 and 2.6 percent (1991-2000). Based on the current situation, countries Malaysia will face many problems such as social-economic planning problems, and political environment.


After the formation of Malaysia in 1970, the population census has been conducted to obtain information and population data for planning projects of social and economic development to the community. All data and information collected through the census population, used to assess progress and change in population in each state or region in terms of population, age structure and gender, migration, education, employment and urbanization. Pattern change is very important to determine the direction of flow changes in the future. Flows in the future, will determine the direction of development and progress achieved in the industrial sector, agriculture and urbanization throughout the country. Countries with high population density is such as Kuala Lumpur and Penang.

The Concept of Population

A population is a group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same place, and that posess an average set of properties, such as birth rates and death rates. This definition recognizes that populations are made up of individual organisms but does not require that we know which individuals give birth or die, or where they are located in space. Instead the population is characterized by average birth and death rates, and variability in these averages is treated as a statistical property of the population. We sacrifice knowledge about the individual in order to have a practical theory that does not require us to have information about the inclination or location of individual organisms.

Most definitions of population have some kind of spatial reference. The simplest and least restrictive of these is that a population is a group of individuals of the same species that live together in a particular area (e.g., Roughgarden 1989). However, even though this definition is widely used by ecologists, it gives rise to serious difficulties and misinterpretations. A more rigorous definition should define the spatial dimension more precisely; for example, a group of individuals of the same species that live together in an area of sufficient size that all the requirements for reproduction, survival and migration can be met (e.g., Huffaker et al. 1984). The problem is, how does one define "an area of sufficient size"? Sometimes this area can be quite obvious as, for example, a population of elk inhabiting a particular drainage. In others it is less so. It may be helpful to conceive of an area of sufficient size such that the rates of emigration out of the area and immigration into the area are roughly balanced. Another approach is to imagine a circle large enough that an organism placed near its center would have a very low probability of exiting the circle during its lifetime. Whatever method is used to define the appropriate size of an area within which the population of a particular organism exists, it is important that most of the change in population size or density is due to births and deaths rather than immigration and emigration because the theory of population dynamics is based on this assumption. For a detailed discussion of the population concept, see Andrewartha and Birch (1984).

Local population is a group of organisms of the same species that live together in an area where there is a high probability of interbreeding. Also called a subpopulation or, in systematics, a deme. Emigration and immigration from local populations need not necessarily be balanced and there may be a fairly high probability of local extinction.

Metapopulation is a group of populations that share occasional migrants.

Absolute population is an estimate of the total number of organisms in an area.

Population density is an estimate of the number of organisms per unit area (e.g., hectare) or unit of habitat (e.g., kilogram of soil).

Relative population is an estimate of the number of organisms caught in nets or traps but which cannot be related to area in any way.